The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for their development of artificial neural networks, which form the foundation of modern machine learning. Hopfield applied principles of physics to create networks capable of accurately storing and recalling incomplete data, while Hinton developed the Boltzmann Machine, enabling networks to autonomously learn and classify data, leading to the rise of deep learning widely used in artificial intelligence. This discovery has significantly advanced technologies such as image recognition, large-scale data analysis, and language translation. Moreover, neural networks have benefited physics in areas like the discovery of the Higgs particle, reducing noise in gravitational wave data, and exoplanet detection. To provide an opportunity for students and faculty to learn about these innovations, the Physics Department is hosting a special lecture featuring experts in physics and artificial intelligence who will share their knowledge and the latest advancements in neural network technology.

RSVP: https://forms.gle/Xx2chYKNs91haiTh7

REGISTRATION REQUIRED: https://indico.cern.ch/event/1363634/

ภายใต้ภาพลักษณ์ที่ดูซับซ้อนของทฤษฎีฟิสิกส์สมัยใหม่ซึ่งเต็มไปด้วยสมการคณิตศาสตร์ที่ดูน่ากลัวนั้นกลับมีหลักการธรรมชาติที่แสนจะเรียบง่ายแต่ลึกซึ้งหลบซ่อนอยู่ และอันที่จริงแล้วสิ่งที่นักวิทยาศาสตร์เฝ้าค้นหาเพื่อเปิดเผยความลับธรรมชาติ ก็คือหลักการที่เรียบง่ายเหล่านี้นั่นแหละ หาใช่รายละเอียดทางเทคนิคที่ซับซ้อนไม่ โชคดีที่หลักการสำคัญเหล่านี้มักจะอธิบายให้เข้าใจได้ด้วยปริศนาคณิตศาสตร์ง่ายๆ ปริศนาเหล่านี้เรียบง่ายมากจนใครๆ ก็สามารถไขปริศนาและเข้าใจความหมายของมันได้โดยไม่ต้องใช้คณิตศาสตร์ที่ซับซ้อนใดๆ

ผู้บรรยายจะพาเราออกเดินทางเพื่อไขความลับแห่งจักรวาลผ่านปริศนาแสนสนุก การเสวนานี้ออกแบบมาสำหรับบุคคลทั่วไป และไม่จำเป็นต้องมีความรู้พื้นฐานด้านคณิตศาสตร์หรือฟิสิกส์มากมายนัก ขอเพียงแค่คุณมีความอยากรู้อยากเห็นและสนุกกับการไขปริศนาเท่านั้นพอ!

เกี่ยวกับผู้บรรยาย:

Cumrun Vafa เป็นศาสตราจารย์ ด้านฟิสิกส์เชิงทฤษฎี จากมหาวิทยาลัยฮาร์วาร์ด ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกา มีชื่อเสียงระดับโลกจากการเป็นหนึ่งในผู้พัฒนาทฤษฎีสตริง ศาสตราจารย์วาฟาได้รับรางวัลมากมายจากผลงานของเขาในสาขาฟิสิกส์ทฤษฎี ซึ่งรวมถึงรางวัล Breakthrough Prize สาขาฟิสิกส์พื้นฐานประจำปี 2017 และเหรียญ Dirac Medal ประจำปี 2008 จาก ICTP

We present a whirlwind tour of connections between particle production from the quantum vacuum, black hole horizons, and accelerated boundaries. Thermal (blackbody) radiation is particularly interesting, and can arise from an electron moving on a trajectory first discussed by Leonardo da Vinci, which can be mapped to an accelerating but asymptotically static mirror, and then to a Schwarzschild black hole with a horizon modified at the Planck length. A de Sitter horizon is closely connected to cosmic acceleration and we explore some aspects of gravity beyond Einstein.

Fractals – objects with non-integer dimensions – occur in manifold settings and length scales in nature, ranging from snowflakes and lightning strikes to natural coastlines. Much effort has been expended to generate fractals for use in many-body physics. Here, we identify an emergent dynamical fractal in a disorder-free, stoichiometric three-dimensional magnetic crystal in thermodynamic equilibrium. This talk starts with a brief introduction to topological magnetism, and goes on to explain how the above phenomenon is born from constraints – arising from a combination of topology and symmetry – on the dynamics of the magnetic monopole excitations in spin ice, which restrict them to move on the fractal. This observation explains the anomalous exponent found in magnetic noise experiments in the spin ice compound Dy2Ti2O7. The capacity of spin ice to exhibit such striking phenomena holds promise of further surprising discoveries in the cooperative dynamics of even simple topological many-body systems.

Safety and precision within semiconductor chip manufacturing are paramount, and this talk delves into the innovative means to achieve both. This talk aims to sensitize on the real-life application of advanced technology. We explore a unique system that combines delayering capability and advanced imaging to craft blueprints that ensure chip manufacturing processes adhere to the highest safety standards of performance and security. At the core of this discussion is a technology that redefines quality assurance in semiconductor chip manufacturing.  By harnessing the power of delayering, this system unveils the intricate layers of chip structures, enabling precise inspection and defect detection.

Integrated imaging elevates this process further, providing a visual blueprint that captures the essence of each chip's design and structure. We will explore how this technology serves as an invaluable tool in ensuring manufacturing safety. It not only empowers manufacturers to pinpoint defects and discrepancies but also provides a blueprint that serves as a reference point for quality control, facilitating a seamless alignment with safety standards.

Let us discover how this innovative system will revolutionize the semiconductor chip manufacturing landscape, aligning safety and precision with the utmost clarity, while maintaining the integrity and excellence of chip production processes.

The recent high-pressure experimental discovery of superconductivity in (La,Y)H10, and (La,Nd)H10 shows that the ternary rare-earth clathrate hydride can be promising candidate for high-temperature superconductor. In line with this, my previous work on other rare-earth metals forming ternary hydrides has revealed them to be potential high-temperature superconducting materials as well. In this work, I theoretically demonstrate that the combination of actinide-metal thorium (Th) and rare-earth-metal lanthanum (La) with hydrogen can also form some ternary hydrides with cage-like structures to be stable at 200 GPa. Using the evolutionary algorithms, I have predicted the pressure-dependent ternary phase diagram of LaxThyHz. My calculations show that the hydrogen-rich phases such as (La,Th)H9 and (La,Th)H10 can be thermodynamically stable below 200 GPa. More importantly, the electron-phonon coupling (EPC) calculations show that the (La,Th)H10 could the potential superconductors, of which I4/mmm-La3ThH40 exhibits the large EPC constant λ = 2.46 with a highest transition temperature (Tc) of 210 K. Since there are few previous studies on ternary actinide hydrides, this work would greatly stimulate the further discovery of this type of ternary hydrides and provide useful guidance for the high-pressure experiment on them.

Quantum simulators were originally proposed to be helpful for simulating one partial differential equation (PDE) in particular – Schrodinger’s equation. If quantum simulators can be useful for simulating Schrodinger’s equation, it is hoped that they may also be helpful for simulating other PDEs. As with large-scale quantum systems, classical methods for other high-dimensional and large-scale PDEs often suffer from the curse-of-dimensionality (costs scale exponentially in the dimension D of the PDE), which a quantum treatment might in certain cases be able to mitigate. To enable simulation of PDEs on quantum devices that obey Schrodinger’s equations, it is crucial to first develop good methods for mapping other PDEs onto Schrodinger’s equations.

In this talk, I will introduce the notion of Schrodingerisation: a procedure for transforming non-Schrodinger PDEs into a Schrodinger-form. This simple methodology can be used directly on analog or continuous quantum degrees of freedom – called qumodes, and not only on qubits. This continuous representation can be more natural for PDEs since, unlike most computational methods, one does not need to discretise the PDE first. In this way, we can directly map D-dimensional linear PDEs onto a (D + 1)-qumode quantum system where analog Hamiltonian simulation on (D + 1) qumodes can be used. I show how this method can be applied to linear PDEs, certain nonlinear PDEs, nonlinear ODEs and also linear PDEs with random coefficients, which is important in uncertainty quantification.

For attending online: https://chula.zoom.us/j/8998670041